What role does physiological arousal play in self-efficacy according to the theory?

Physiological arousal plays a significant role in influencing self-efficacy beliefs. According to Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Physiological arousal, such as increased heart rate, sweating, or tension, can affect how individuals perceive their capabilities.

When individuals experience physiological arousal, they may interpret these sensations as indicators of their competence and readiness. For example, someone feeling a rush of adrenaline before a performance might interpret this arousal as excitement rather than anxiety, thus enhancing their confidence and belief that they can perform well. Conversely, if arousal is interpreted negatively and linked to anxiety or fear, it could diminish self-efficacy. Therefore, physiological arousal can shape and modify self-efficacy beliefs, making it a critical factor in how individuals approach challenges and tasks. This understanding highlights the complexity of self-efficacy, showing that internal states can deeply affect confidence and performance outcomes.